Key to the little signs in the 1494 print

Pacioli's printer imitated the shorthand of medieval scribes. These marks are not accents: each one means “some letters left out here”, so we have to figure out what letters and these "abbreviations" are indistinct so can be confused one with another as well as different versions being used for the same thing; if we ever find an original of the handwritten document it will be very helpful to see what the scribe actually wrote. Each example below is a real word cut from the book, with how it reads. Meanings are standard medieval abbreviation practice, as understood by the project's AI models; they have not yet been checked against a human edition.

sign	in the print	what you see	what it means	reads as	times in Treatise XI
⁊c̃		a figure like a 7, then a small c with a mark above it	the Roman shorthand sign for et (“and”) plus c	et cetera, our “etc.”	375
tilde on a vowel		a small wavy line above a vowel (õ ã ẽ)	a missing n or m	commo = “as, how” (modern come)	73
				tanti = “so many”	10
				tempo = “time”	9
				facende = “business affairs” (modern faccende)	18
				danno = “loss”	17
q̃		a q with a tilde	q + a missing ue (or ui)	questo = “this”	50
				quello = “that”	37
tilde on a consonant		a tilde above a consonant at the end of a word	the word is cut short	ducati = “ducats” (the coin)	20
raised letter		a small letter raised beside the word	the end of a longer word	capitolo = “chapter”	15
		a hooked sign like a raised 9 after a number	marks an ordinal	xiᵗʰ = “11th” (here: Tractatus xi, Treatise 11)	10
ꝑ		a p with a stroke through its tail	per / par	perche = “because, why”	1
ꝓ		a p with a curl on its tail	pro	prompto = “ready, prompt” (modern pronto)
p̃		a p with a tilde above it	pre	pregio = “worth, value”
				presso = “near, by”
ꝛ round r		a curved letter like a 2, after b, d, h, o, p	just the letter r in a different shape (not an abbreviation)	libro = “book”
				ordine = “order”
ſ long s		a tall s with no crossbar, looking like an f without its bar	just the letter s	scripture = “writings, records”

Less common signs

sign	in the print	what you see	what it means	reads as
ꝓ		a p with a small curl on its tail	pro	prompto = “ready, prompt” (modern pronto)
p̃		a p with a tilde above it	pre	pregio = “worth, value”
		(the same sign)	pre	presso = “near, by”
ꝝ	a sign for the Latin ending -rum		almost never seen in Treatise XI, so no example is shown
ꝫ	a sign for -et or -ue		also very rare here, so no example is shown

A warning about capital letters

The Gothic capitals are very ornate, and C and E look almost the same. Here are a C (Chiamando) and an E (E) from the same page:

Also note that the sign ꝗ is just another form of q̃.